Terrariums Explained: How Does a Self-Sustaining Ecosystem Work?

A self-sustaining terrarium is a miniature ecosystem that thrives with minimal intervention. By balancing plants, water, air, and microorganisms, it can survive for years with little to no maintenance. But how does this natural cycle work, and what makes a terrarium self-sustaining?

Whether you're interested in creating your own or joining a terrarium workshop in Singapore, this guide will explain everything you need to know.

What Is a Self-Sustaining Terrarium?

A self-sustaining terrarium is a closed or semi-closed glass container that replicates the natural water and nutrient cycles found in larger ecosystems. The key elements inside work together to maintain balance:

• Plants: Absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis.

• Water Cycle: Moisture evaporates, condenses, and returns to the soil, keeping the plants hydrated.

• Microorganisms: Break down organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the soil.

With the right setup, these components create a miniature world that requires little human intervention.

The Science Behind a Self-Sustaining Terrarium

Plants inside the terrarium absorb light and convert carbon dioxide into oxygen through photosynthesis. This oxygen allows plants and beneficial bacteria to thrive, maintaining a healthy air balance within the glass container.

2. The Water Cycle

A closed terrarium has its own water cycle, much like the Earth’s ecosystem:

1. Water in the soil evaporates due to heat from light exposure.

2. It condenses on the inner walls of the glass container.

3. The condensed water drips back down, hydrating the plants.

This natural cycle reduces or eliminates the need for frequent watering.

3. Microbial Activity and Nutrient Recycling

Invisible to the eye, microorganisms like bacteria and fungi play a crucial role. They break down dead plant material and waste, converting them into essential nutrients that plants can absorb. This process helps maintain soil health and prevents the buildup of decaying matter.

What Makes a Terrarium Thrive?

To ensure a self-sustaining terrarium stays balanced, several key factors must be considered:

1. Choosing the Right Plants

Not all plants can thrive in a closed environment. Low-maintenance species that can tolerate high humidity and indirect light work best, such as:

• Moss – Absorbs moisture and contributes to the water cycle.

• Ferns – Hardy and adaptable to enclosed conditions.

2. Proper Drainage Layer

Since excess water has no way to drain out, terrariums need a proper layering system to prevent root rot:

• Pebbles or Gravel – Forms the base layer for drainage.

• Activated Charcoal – Prevents odours and keeps the ecosystem clean.

• Soil – Provides nutrients for plant growth.

3. Light Exposure

Terrariums should receive indirect sunlight or artificial light, as direct sun can cause overheating and excessive condensation, leading to mould growth.

4. Controlled Moisture Levels

A terrarium that looks too dry may need a light misting, while excessive water buildup might require brief airing out. The goal is to maintain a balanced humidity level.

Green Chapter – Join a Terrarium Workshop in Singapore Today

Want to create your own self-sustaining terrarium with expert guidance? At Green Chapter, we specialise in crafting aquascapes and wetland habitats, and we offer engaging terrarium workshops in Singapore. 

Our workshops are designed for everyone, whether you’re a complete beginner or someone looking to refine your skills. No prior experience is needed—our team will guide you through the process, ensuring you create a thriving self-sustaining terrarium with ease.

We also offer team bonding workshops in Singapore, making them a great choice for companies and organisations. These workshops provide a fun and interactive way for teams to work together, fostering creativity and collaboration in a relaxed setting. 

Create your own thriving terrarium and bring a touch of nature into your space today!